文书写作中，介词怎么用才够地道

介词在英语语言中的作用很多：

• 表位置：where something is ﹙prepositions of place﹚

e.g. on the table, at the bus stop, against the wall;

•表运动方向：the movement of something ﹙prepositions of movement﹚

e.g. towars mari, over the brige;

• 表时间：when something happens ﹙prepositions of time﹚

e.g. at half past eight, on christmas ay;

• 表逻辑关系：relationships between things, such as cause an effect

e.g. because of, result from

介词常见错误：介词这一类短小而有用的词因为在汉语中没有对应的词类，所以总是学习无法。这里讨论五个在写作中最常出错的介词，而它们出错的原因也大致相同，误把介词用作动词。

【以下所有加星号*例句都是错误范例】

1.through

• the cat through the cat flap an isappeare behin the oor. 猫穿过猫洞消失在门后。

常见错误是误用做动词&lquo;通过，穿过&rquo;，正确用法是搭配相应动词：

go/ filter/ pass/ run/ walk/ get/ see/ rea through

2.with/ without

*stuents without ifficulties to get a high-pai job if they stuy scientific majors.

常见错误是误用做动词&lquo;有&rquo;和&lquo;没有&rquo;，被偷换来同意替换&lquo;on＇t have&rquo;，正确用法是构成 with/ without+n./oing结构，做定语或者状语。

eg：stuents coul get a high-pai job without ifficulties. 作状语

stuents with a gree of science coul get a high-pai job. 作定语

3.beyon

*the exercise beyon the abilities of most of the class. 练习超出了学生的能力。常见错误是误用做&lquo;超出&rquo;，正确用法是

1﹚. &lquo;超出&rquo;：搭配be等系动词动词或其他实义动词：go beyon常见固定搭配：go/be beyon sb&mash;&mash; to be impossible for sb to imagine, unerstan or o 使某人无法想象（或理解、做等）

eg：what seems beyon ispute is that……

2﹚. &lquo;除……以外&rquo;

eg：she＇s got nothing beyon her state pension. 除了政府发的养老金外，她什么都没有。

4.against

• i against the point that……

常见错误是误用做&lquo;反对&rquo;，正确用法是搭配be等系动词动词或其他实义动词以及它们的名词形式：

fight/ argue/ vote/ rebel/campaign/ appeal against（v+against）

argument/ campaign/ protest against （n+against）

eg：the evience is against him. 证据对他不利。are we insure against theft? 我们保了盗窃险没有？

5.uner

*their eggs uner the rees which protect them from being foun.

常见错误是误用做&lquo;位于…下方&rquo;，正确用法是搭配be等系动词动词或用在固定搭配中：

uner an agreement, uner conition, uner ispute, uner law

eg: the hotel is still uner construction. 旅馆还在兴建中。

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