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全面解析属于STEM项目的53个工程专业

何青

2018-10-13 15:08:54

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全面解析属于STEM项目的53个工程专业

全面解析属于STEM项目的53个工程专业

首先，我们对 STEM 计划进行一下简单的介绍：

什么是 STEM?

　　STEM 由科学 (Science) 、技术 (Technology) 、工程 (Engineer) 和数学 (Mathematics) 首字母组成，是美国鼓励学生主修科学、技术、工程及数学的一项计划。在美国国土安全局网站上可以查到一个长长的属于 STEM 计划的专业列表，比如化工、计算机科学、物理、数学、生物科学和航空航天等理工科。

STEM 有什么好处 ?

　　对于国际学生来说，毕业之后想找工作就要申请 OPT(Optional Practical Training) ，有了 OPT 才可以在美国合法实习、工作，但是 OPT 都是有一定时间限制的。标准的 OPT 只有一年时间，也就是说如果毕业生一年之内无法拿到 H1B 工作签证，就必须离开美国了。

　　但是 STEM 专业的毕业生可以申请额外 24 个月的 OPT 延期，也就是说他们将拥有总共 36 个月的 OPT 时间用来找工作并申请 H1B 工作签证。因此，选择 STEM 项目，对于国际学生在美国找工作来说是莫大的优势 !

商科属于 STEM 专业吗 ?

　　传统商科如金融 ( 金融工程除外 ) 、会计等显然不是 STEM 专业，但是，近年来随着大数据的兴起，数据分析项目如雨后春笋一般在美国商学院兴起。由于这些项目与数学、统计及信息科学有大量的交叉，因此十分具备成为 STEM 专业的资质。

　　另有一些学校商学院的信息系统管理 (Information Management) 项目也纷纷增加了数据分析的方向。但是，目前来看，拥有 STEM 标签的商学院数据分析项目仍然是少数。

美国官方认定的 53 个 STEM 专业：

专业代码及名称相关项目14.0101) Engineering, General. 工程学14.0102) Pre-Engineering. 工程预科[Pre-Engineering Transfer Program]14.0201) Aerospace, Aeronautical an Astronautical/Space Engineering. 航天，航空，航空航天工程[Aeronautical Engineering] [Astronautical Engineering] [Space Systems Engineering] [Space Facilities Engineering] [Missile Systems Engineering] [Aeroelasticity] [Aeroynamics] [Air-Breathing Propulsion] [Stability an Control] [Astroynamics] [Guiance an Control] [Aerospace Navigation]14.0301) Agricultural Engineering. 农业工程[Bioprocessing Engineering] [Foo Engineering] [Soil Engineering]14.0401) Architectural Engineering. 建筑工程14.0501) Bioengineering an Biomeical Engineering. 生物工程与生物医学工程[Cell an Tissue Engineering] [Neural Engineering] [Biomaterials Engineering] [Biomechanics]14.0601) Ceramic Sciences an Engineering. 陶瓷科学与工程14.0701) Chemical Engineering. 化学工程14.0702) Chemical an Biomolecular Engineering. 化学与生物分子工程14.0799) Chemical Engineering, Other.14.0801) Civil Engineering, General. 土木工程14.0802) Geotechnical an Geoenvironmental Engineering. 岩土工程与环境岩土工程[Geotechnical Engineering] [Geoenvironmental Engineering] [Geotechnical an Geoenvironmental Engineering]14.0803) Structural Engineering. 结构工程14.0804) Transportation an Highway Engineering. 交通运输工程14.0805) Water Resources Engineering. 水资源工程14.0899) Civil Engineering, Other. 其他类别的土木工程14.0901) Computer Engineering, General. 计算机工程[Computer Systems Engineering]14.0902) Computer Harware Engineering. 计算机硬件工程14.0903) Computer Software Engineering. 计算机软件工程14.0999) Computer Engineering, Other. 计算机工程，其他14.1001) Electrical an Electronics Engineering 电子电气工程[Electrical Engineering] [Total Ship Systems Engineering] [Electroynamic Engineering]14.1003) Laser an Optical Engineering. 激光与光学工学工程[Electro-Optic Engineering] [Optical Engineering]14.1004) Telecommunications Engineering. 电信工程[Communications Systems Engineering]14.1099) Electrical, Electronics an Communications Engineering, Other.14.1101) Engineering Mechanics. 工程力学14.1201) Engineering Physics/Applie Physics. 工程物理及应用物理[Applie Physics] [Directe Energy/Laser Physics] [Semiconuctor Physics]14.1301) Engineering Science. 工程科学14.1401) Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering. 环境与环境健康工程[Environmental Engineering] [Environmental Management Engineering]14.1801) Materials Engineering. 材料工程[Materials Processing an Manufacturing] [Materials Science Engineering]14.1901) Mechanical Engineering. 机械工程14.2001) Metallurgical Engineering. 冶金工程14.2101) Mining an Mineral Engineering. 采矿与矿物工程14.2201) Naval Architecture an Marine Engineering. 造船与海洋工程14.2301) Nuclear Engineering. 核工程[Nuclear Reactor Engineering] [Nuclear Fuels] [Nuclear Power Engineering] [Nuclear Raiation an Shieling] [Nuclear Instrumentation an Measurement]14.2401) Ocean Engineering. 海洋工程14.2501) Petroleum Engineering. 石油工程14.2701) Systems Engineering. 系统工程[Inustrial/Manufacturing Systems Engineering] [Prouct Development Engineering] [Logistics Engineering] [Systems Engineering Management] [Capability-Base Systems] [Optimization] [Moeling an Simulation] [Decision Engineering] [Dynamical Systems]14.2801) Textile Sciences an Engineering. 纺织科学与工程14.3201) Polymer/Plastics Engineering. 聚合物 / 塑料工程14.3301) Construction Engineering. 建设工程[Construction Engineering an Management]14.3401) Forest Engineering. 森林工程14.3501) Inustrial Engineering. 工业工程14.3601) Manufacturing Engineering. 制造工程14.3701) Operations Research. 运筹学[Decision Support Systems] [Decision Analysis] [Operations Analysis] [Simulation] [Operational Sciences]14.3801) Surveying Engineering. 测量工程14.3901) Geological/Geophysical Engineering. 地质 / 地球物理工程14.4001) Paper Science an Engineering. 造纸科学与工程14.4101) Electromechanical Engineering. 机电工程14.4201) Mechatronics, Robotics, an Automation Engineering. 机电一体化，机器人技术和自动化工程14.4301) Biochemical Engineering. 生物化学工程[Biochemical Engineering] [Chemical an Biochemical Engineering]14.4401) Engineering Chemistry. 工程化学14.4501) Biological/Biosystems Engineering. 生物 / 生物系统工程[Biological Engineering] [Biosystems Engineering] [Biological Systems Engineering] [Biomass Engineering] [Biological/Biosystems Engineering]14.9999) Engineering, Other. 工程，其他